ROMAN ATTITUDES AN RESPONSES TO THE ERUPTION OF MOUNT VESUVIUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i2.619Keywords:
Pompeii, Herculaneum, Vesuvius, Roman PoetsAbstract
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius is one of the most pivotal points in world history, for since we have learned so much through what mainly lied underneath its fallout, we can piece together much of Roman life - at least, in a city like Pompeii. In this article, the fallout of the eruption in a social and cultural setting is analysed, through the nature of the ancient sources, and the expositions inherent and current in modern scholarship. We shall see that the response to the eruption, and the damage it caused, was multifarious to some degree, but also multifaceted, in that human responses from culture to subculture are never entirely the same - nor society to substrata. Even between individuals, reactions can occur that are different, however similar. Thus, it shall be shown that what went before informed what went after, and he thoughts and feelings of people influenced how they responded on that day in AD79.Downloads
References
ANTONELLI/LAZZARINI 2010
Antonelli, F., Lazzarini, L., Mediterranean Trade of the Most Widespread Roman Volcanic Millstones from Italy and Petrochemical Markers of Their Raw Materials, Journal of Archaeological Science 37/9, 2081-2092.
BARCHIESI 1997
Barchiesi, A., The Poet and the Prince: Ovid and Augustan Discourse (Berkeley: Berkeley University Press).
BARCHIESI 2002
Barchiesi, A., Narrative Technique and Narratology in the Metamorphoses. In: Hardie, P.R. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ovid (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 180-199.
BARCHIESI 2007
Barchiesi, A., Carmina: Odes and Carmen Saeculare. In Harrison, S. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Horace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 144-162.
BISEL 1983
Bisel, S. C., The Herculaneum Project: Preliminary Report, Palaepathology Newsletter 41, 6-7.
BISEL 1986
Bisel, S. C., The People of Herculaneum, Helmartica 37, 11-23.
BISEL 1987
Bisel, S. C., Human Bones at Herculaneum, Rivista di Studi Pompeiani 1, 123-129.
BISEL 1988
Bisel, S. C., The Skeletons of Herculaneum, Italy. In: Purdy, B. A. (ed.). Wet Site Archaeology. Gainsville, Florida, December 12-14, 1986 (London: Telford Press, 1988), 207-218.
BISEL 1991
Bisel, S. C., The Human Skeletons of Herculaneum, International Journal of Anthropology 6/1, 1-20.
BISEL/BISEL 2002
Bisel, S. C., Bisel, J., Health and Nutrition at Herculaneum: An Examination of Human Skeletal Remains. In: Jashemski, W.F./Meyers, F.G. (eds.) The Natural History of Pompeii (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 451-475.
BUTTERWORTH/LAURENCE 2005
Butterworth, A./Laurence, R., Pompeii: The Living City (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson).
CAPASSO 1999
Capasso, L., Brucellosis at Herculaneum AD 79, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 9, 277-288.
CAPASSO 2000
Capasso, L., Herculaneum Victims of the Volcanic Eruption in AD 79, The Lancet 356, 1344-1346.
CAPASSO 2001
Capasso, L., I fuggiaschi di Ercolano. Paleobiologia delle vittime dell’Eruzione vesuviana del 79 d.C. (Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider).
CONNORS 2015
Connors, C., In the Land of the Giants: Greek and Roman Discourses on Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, Illinois Classical Studies 40/1, 121-137.
CORTI 1951
Corti, E. C. C., The Destruction and Resurrection of Pompeii and Herculaneum (London: Routledge).
DE CAROLIS/PATRICELLI 2003
De Carolis, E./Patricelli, G., Le vittime dell’eruzione. In: d’Ambrosio, A./Guzzo, P.G./Mastroroberto, M. (eds.), Storie du un’erozione: Pompei, Ercolano, Oplontis (Milan: Monadori Electa), 56-72.
DE CAROLIS/PATRICELLI 2003
De Carolis, E./Patricelli, G., Vesuvius A.D. 79: The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum (Los Angeles: Getty Publications).
DI VITO/CASTALDO/DE VITA/BISHOP/VECCHIO 2013
Di Vito, M.A./Castaldo, N./de Vita, S./Bishop, J./Vecchio, G., Human Colonization and Volcanic Activity in the Eastern Campania Plain (Italy) Between the Neolithic and Late Roman Periods, Quarternary International 3, 132-141.
FAVRO 2005
Favro, D., Making Rome a World City. In: Galinsky, K. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 234-263.
FIORELLI 1860-1864
Fiorelli, G., Pompeianarum Antiquitatum Historia. Vol 1 (Naples).
FUMICIELLO/GIORDANO/DE RITA 2003
Fumiciello, R./Giordano, G./De Rita, D., The Albano Maar Lake (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy): Recent Volcanic Activity and Evidence of Pre-Roman Age Catastrophic Lahar Events, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 123/1, 43-61.
GALINSKY 1989
Galinsky, K., Was Ovid a Silver Latin Poet?, Illinois Classical Studies 14, 69-89.
GALINSKY 1996
Galinsky, K., Augustan Culture: An Interpretive Introduction (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
GALINSKY 1999
Galinsky, K., Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Augustan Cultural Thematics. In: Hardie, P.R./Barchiesi, A./ Hinds, A. (eds.) Ovidian Transformations: Essays on Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Its Reception [Cambridge Philological Society Supplement 23] (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 103-111.
GOODYEAR 1965
Goodyear, F.R.D., Incerti Auctoris Aetna (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
GOODYEAR 1984
Goodyear, F.R.D., The “Aetna”: Thought, Antecedents, and Style, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt 2, 32, 1, 344-363.
GRIFFIN 2005
Griffin, J., Augustan Poetry and Augustanism. In: Galinsky, K. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 306-320.
HARDIE 2002
Hardie, P., Ovid and Early Imperial Literature. In: Hardie, P.R. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ovid (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 34-45.
HARRISON 2002
Harrison, S., Ovid and Genre. In: Hardie, P.R. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ovid (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 79-94.
HINE 2012
Hine, H., Aetna: A New Translation Based on the Text of F. R. D. Goodyear, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 43, 316-325.
JOHNSON 2010
Johnson, W. R., The Epistles. In: Davis, G. (ed.), A Companion to Horace (Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell), 319-333.
KENNEDY 1997
Kennedy, D. F., Virgilian Epic. In: Martindale, C. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Virgil (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 145-154.
KILLGROVE 2019
Killgrove, K., ‘Archaeologist Finds New Evidence of the Romans Who Escaped Mt. Vesuvius’, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2019/02/19/archaeologist-finds-new-evidence-of-the-romans-who-escaped-mt-vesuvius/, 19th February, 2019.
KLEINER 2005
Kleiner, D.E.E., Semblance and Storytelling in Augustan Rome. In: Galinsky, K. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 197-233.
LAFORGIA/BOENZI/AMATO/BISHOP/DI VITO/FATTORE/STANZIONE/VIGLIO 2009
Laforgia, E./Boenzi, G./Amato, L./Bishop, J./Di Vito, M.A./Fattore, L./Stanzione, M./Viglio, F., The Vesuvian “Pomici di Avellino” Eruption and Early Bronze Age Settlements in the Middle Clanis Valley, Méditerranée. Revue géographique des pays méditerranéens 112, 101-107.
LAIRD 2007
Laird, A., The Ars Poetica. In: Harrison, S. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Horace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 132-143.
LAZER 1994
Lazer, E., Human Skeletal Remains in Pompeii (PhD Dissertation. University of Sydney).
LAZER 1997
Lazer, E., Pompeii AD79: A Population in Flux? In: Bon, S.E./Jones, R. (eds.), Sequence and Space in Pompeii [Oxbow Monograph 77] (Oxford: Oxbow Books), 102-120.
LAZER 2007
Lazer, E., Victims of the Cataclysm. In: Dobbins, J. J./Foss, P. W. (eds.), The World of Pompeii (London: Routledge), 607-619.
MOLE 2002
Mole, J.L., Poetry, Philosophy, Politics and Play: Epistles I. In: Woodman, A.J./Feeney, D.C. (eds.), Traditions and Contexts in the Poetry of Horace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 141-157.
MUECKE 2007
Muecke, F., Hannibal at the Fields of Fire: A Wasteful Excursion? (Silius Italicus, Punica 12, 113-157), Materiali e discussion per l’analisi dei testi classici 58, 73-91.
NEWLANDS 2010
Newlands, C., The Eruption of Vesuvius in the Epistles of Statius and Pliny. In: Miller, J. F./Woodman, J.A. (eds.), Latin Historiography and Poetry in the Early Empire: Generic Interaction (Leiden: Brill), 206-221.
NICCOLUCCI 1882
Niccolucci, G., Crania pompeiana ovvero descrizione de’ crani umani rinvenuti fra le ruine dell’anitica Pompei. In: Atti della R. Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche 9, (Naples: Tip. dell’Academia reale delle scienze), 1-26.
PALLADINO/GAETA/MARRA 2001
Palladino, D./Gaeta, M./Marra, F., A Large K-Foiditic Hydromagnetic Eruption from the Early Activity of the Alban Hills Volcanic District, Italy, Bulletin of Volcanology 63/5, 345-259.
PATRICELLI/CIARALLO 1998
Patricelli, G., Ciarallo, A., Rinvenimenti di corpi umani nell’area urbana di Pompeii, Rivista di studi pompeiani 9, 75-123.
RODRIGUEZ-ALMEIDA 1993
Rodríguez-Almeida, E., Graffiti e produzione anforaria della Betica. In: Harris, W.V. (ed.), The Inscribed Economy [Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl. Ser. No. 6], 95-106.
SMITH 2011
Smith, R.A., Virgil (Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell).
SOTTILI/PALLADINO/ZANON 2004
Sottili, G./Palladino, D. M./Zanon, V., Plinian Activity During the Early Eruptive History of the Sabatini Volcanic District, Central Italy, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 135/4, 361-379.
STAHL 1990
Stahl, H.P., The Death of Turnus: Augustan Vergil and the Political Rival. In: Raaflaub, K.A. (ed.), Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and His Principate (Berkeley: University of California Press), 174-211.
TARRANT 2002
Tarrant, R., Ovid and Ancient Literary History. In: Hardie, P.R. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ovid (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 13-33.
TONER 2013
Toner, J., Roman Disasters (Cambridge: Polity Press).
WALLACE-HADRILL 2005
Wallace-Hadrill, A., Mutatas Formas: The Augustan Transformation of Roman Knowledge. In: Galinsky, K. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 55-84.
WARD-PERKINS 1980
Ward-Perkins, J. B., Claridge, A., Pompeii AD 79 (Sydney: Alfred A. Knopf).
YAVETZ 1990
Yavetz, Z., The Res Gestae and Augustus’ Public Image. In: Millar, F./Segal, E. (eds.), Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 1-36.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, we use CC BY-NC-ND license (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs) wich only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).