THE SARMATIAN DISCOVERIES FROM RIPICENI – LA STÂNCĂ (BOTOȘANI COUNTY/RO): TWO GRAVES AND MANY QUESTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v7i3.553Keywords:
Roman period graves, Sarmatians, intentional cranial deformation, East Carpatians, Ripiceni – La Stânc?Abstract
The present paper aims to analyse two graves and other stray finds dated to the Roman period and discovered in 1979 and 1983 in the site of Ripiceni – La Stâncă (Botoșani County/RO). Grave 1 belongs to an adult female (around 55-60 years old) with the skull intentionally deformed in the first years after her birth. The calvaria of the deceased no. 2 (a child around 2-3 years old) had also traces of artificial deformation. The morphology of both skeletons and the funerary inventory (beads, astragals, ceramics, etc.) can be associated with the Sarmatian culture. Based on analogies one can date the two graves from Ripiceni – La Sâncă during the second half of the 2nd century – 3rd century AD. Probably this features are only a small part of a bigger cemetery destroyed by the animal farm complex constructed in the communist era.
Downloads
References
ALEKSEEV/DEBETZ 1964
Alekseev, V. P./Debetz, G. F., Kraniometriya. Metodika antropologiceskikh issledovanij (Moskva: Nauka) // Алексеев, В. П./Дебец, Г. Ф., Краниометрия. Методика антропологических исследований (Москва: Наука).
AUFDERHEIDE/RODRIGUEZ-MARTIN 1998
Aufderheide, A. C./Rodriguez-Martin, C., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
BALABANOVA 2001
Balabanova, М. А., Obycaj iskusstvennoj deformatzii golovy u pozdnikh sarmatov: Problemy, issledovaniya, rezul’taty i suzhdeniya, Nizhnevolzhskij arkheologicheskij vestnik 4, 107-122 // М. А. Балабанова, Обычай искусственной деформации головы у поздних сарматов: Проблемы, исследования, результаты и суждения, Нижневолжский археологический вестник, 4, 107-122.
BARNES 2012
Barnes, E., Atlas of Developmental Field Anomalies of the Human Skeleton: A Paleopathology Perspective (Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell).
BATIEVA 2013
Batieva, E. F., Geografiya antropologiceskikh tipov drevnego naseleniya Nizhnego Podon’ya (epokha bronzy – srednevekov’e), Arkheoogicheskie zapiski 8, 129-144 // Е. Ф. Батиева, География антропологических типов древнего населения Нижнего Подонья (эпоха бронзы – средневековье), Археологические записки, 8, 2013, c. 129-144.
BÂRCĂ 2006
Bârcă, V., Istorie şi civilizaţie. Sarmaţii în spaţiul Est-Carpatic (sec. I a. chr. – începutul sec. II p. Chr.) (Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut).
BÂRCĂ/SYMONENKO 2009
Bârcă, V./Symonenko, O., Călăreţii stepelor. Sarmaţii în spaţiul nord-pontic (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
BENEA 2004
Benea, D., Die Romischen Perlenwerkstaetten aus Tibiscum / Atelierele romane de mărgele de la Tibiscum (Timișoara: Excelsior Art).
BICHIR 1972
Bichir, Gh., Sarmaţii la Dunărea de Jos în lumina ultimelor cercetări, Pontica 5, 137-176.
BRICKLEY/IVES 2008,
Brickley, M./Ives, R., Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease (Oxford: Academic Press).
BRUZEK 2002
Bruzek, J., A method for visual determination of sex, using the human hip bone, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 117, 157-168.
BUIKSTRA/UBELAKER 1994
Buikstra, J. E./Ubelaker, D. H., Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History Arkansas [Archaeological Survey Research Series 44] (Fayetteville, Arkansas).
CHIRICA 1979
Chirica, V., Mormintele sarmatice descoperite la Mitoc (jud. Botoșani), Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche și Arheologie 30/4, 631-636.
CIUCĂLĂU 2018
Ciucălău, D. Sarmații în nordul Moldovei. Catalog de expoziție (Botoșani).
CRISTESCU 1964
Cristescu, M., Studiul antropologic al scheletelor din sec. III e.n. descoperite la Pogorăşti, raionul Botoşani, reg. Suceava, Arheologia Moldovei 2-3, 329-341.
CONNELL 2008
Connell, B., Preservation and archaeological data. In: Powers, N. (ed.), Human osteology method statement (London: Museum of London), 9.
DIACONESCU 2013
Diaconescu, M., Noi descoperiri sarmatice în Nord-Estul României, Forum Cultural 4, 7-15.
DIACONU 1965
Diaconu, Gh., Tîrgșor. Necropola din secolele III-IV e.n. (București: Ed. Academiei Republicii Populare Române).
FEREMBACH/SCHWIDETZKY/STLOUKAL 1979
Ferembach, D./Schwidetzky, I./Stloukal, M., Recommandations pour determiner l’age et le sexe sur le squelette, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 13, 6/1, 7-45.
FIRSHTEJN 1967
Firshtejn, B. V., Antropologicheskaya kharacteristika naseleniya Nizhnego Povolzh’ya v epokhu bronzy. Pamyatniki epokhi bronzy yuga evropejskoj chasti SSSR (Kiev: Naukova dumka) // Б. В. Фирштейн, Антропологическая характеристика населения Нижнего Поволжья в эпоху бронзы. Памятники эпохи бронзы юга европейской части СССР (Kiev: Наукова дyмка).
GROSU 1995
Grosu, V., 1995, Sarmaţii în spaţiul geto-dacic răsăritean, Arheologia Moldovei 18, 133-186.
GRUMEZA 2020
Grumeza, L., The Sarmatian Cemetery from Mitoc – Malu Galben (Botoșani County/RO): 60 Years Later. In: Cojocaru, V./Pázsint, A.-I., Migration and Identity in Eurasia from the Ancient Times to the Middle Ages (Cluj-Napoca: Mega) in press.
GRYSHCHUK 2013
Geyshchuk, O. M., Astragaly yak element pokhoval’nogo obryadu naselennya Dnipro-Dons’koj Babyns’koj kul’tury, Donets’kyj arkheologichyj zbirnik 17, 24-33. // Грищук, О. М., Aстрагали як елемент поховального обряду населення Дніпро-Донської Бабинської культури, Донецький археологічний збірник 17, 24-34.
IMBELLONI 1933
Imbelloni, J., Los Pueblos Deformadores de los Andes. La Deformación Intencional de la Cabeza como Arte y como Elemento Diagnóstico de los Culturas, Anales de Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Bernardino Rivadavia 37/75, 209-254.
IONIŢĂ 1982
Ioniţă, I., 1982, Din istoria şi civilizaţia dacilor liberi (Iaşi: Ed. Junimea).
ISTVÁNOVITS/KULCSÁR 2006
Istvánovits, E./Kulcsár, V. Szarmata nemzetségjelek a Kárpát-medencében, Arrabona. Múzeumi közlemények 44/1, 175-186.
KATZENBERG/SAUNDERS 2008
Katzenberg, M. A./Saunders, R. S., Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton (Hoboken: Wiley-Liss).
LATHAM/FINNEGAN 2010
Latham, K. E./Finnegan, M. (eds.), Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton (Illinois, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher).
MANN/HUNT 2005
Mann, R. W./Hunt, D. R., Photographic Regional Atlas of Bone Disease: A Guide to Pathologic and Normal Variation in the Human Skeleton (Illinois, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher).
MARTIN/SALLER 1957-1966
Martin, R./Saller, K., Lehrbuch de Anthropologie (Stuttgart: Fischer).
MAYS 1998
Mays, S., 1998, The archaeology of human bones (London, New York: Routledge).
MIRIŢOIU 2005
Miriţoiu, N., Arhitectura craniană şi deformarea artificială intenţionată a craniului, (PhD dissertation), Bucureşti.
MIU 2007
Miu, G., Studiul antropologic al scheletelor din necropola sarmatică de la Isaiia, Cercetări Istorice 21-23, 59-73.
MOLLESON 2007
Molleson, T., A method for the study of activity related skeletal morphologies, Bioarchaeology of the Near East 1, 5-33.
NECRASOV/ANTONIU 1979
Necrasov, O./Antoniu, S., Contribuţii la studiul antropologic al populaţiilor vechi care au trăit în zona oraşului Bârlad, Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis 1, 19-37.
NECRASOV/CRISTESCU/ANTONIU 1967
Necrasov, O./Cristescu/M., Antoniu, S., Consideraţii asupra practicii deformării artificiale a craniului şi a modificărilor morfologice consecutive, Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” din Iaşi 13/1, 35-40.
NEMESKÉRI/HARSÁNYI/ACSÁDY 1960
Nemeskéri, J./Harsányi, L./Acsády, Gy., Methoden zur Diagnose des Lebensalters von Skelettfunden, Anthropologischer Anzeiger 24, 70-95.
ORTNER 2003
Ortner, D. J., Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains (Oxford: Academic Press).
PÁLFI/DUTOUR 1996
Pálfi, Gy./Dutour, O., Activity-induced skeletal markers in historical anthropological material, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 11/1, 41-55.
PÉRIER 1949
Périer, A. L., Usure, abrasion, érosion, Pratique Odonto-Stomatologique, 140, 1-7.
POPOVICI/MISTREANU/NOROC 2015
Popovici, S./Mistreanu, E./Noroc, I., Un mormânt sarmatic descoperit la Fîrlădeni (r-nul Căuşeni), Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova, II, 1-2, 73-76.
ROBB 1998
Robb, J. E., The interpretation of skeletal muscle sites: a statistical approach, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 8/5, 363-377.
ROBERTS/MANCHESTER 2007
Roberts, Ch./Manchester, K., The Archaeology of Disease (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press).
SCHAEFER/BLACK/ SCHEUER 2009
Schaefer, M./Black/S., Scheuer, L., Juvenile osteology (London, New York: Academic Press).
SCHMITT 2005
Schmitt, A., Une nouvelle methode pour estimer l’age au deces des adultes a partir de la surface sacro-pelvienne iliaque, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 17, 1-2, 1-13.
SIMALCSIK 2015
Simalcsik, A., Despre deformaţia craniană intenţionată. Referire asupra descoperirii de la Fîrlădeni (r-nul Căuşeni), Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova, II, 1-2, 129-138.
SMITH/KNIGHT 1984
Smith, B. G./Knight, J. K., An index for measuring the wear of teeth, British Dental Journal 156, 435-438.
TROTTER/GLESER 1958
Trotter, M., Gleser, G., A Reevaluation of Estimation of Stature Based on Measurements of Stature Taken during Life and of Long Bones after Death, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 16, 79-123.
UBELAKER 1979
Ubelaker, D. H., Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis and Interpretation (Washington D.C.: Taraxacum).
URSULESCU/KOGĂLNICEANU 2007
Ursulescu, N./Kogălniceanu, R., Necropola sarmatică de la Isaiia (c. Răducăneni, jud. Iaşi). Date preliminare, Cercetări Istorice 21-23, 27-58.
VORNICU-ŢERNA/ŢERNA/SIMALCSIK/CIUCĂLĂU/SETNIC 2020
Vornicu-Țerna, A., Ţerna, S., Simalcsik, A., Ciucălău, D., Setnic, E. Gh., One site, two stories: a Late Chalcolithic settlement and a 2nd century AD grave in the Eastern Carpathians region, 2020 (in press).
WALDRON 2009
Waldron, T., Palaeopathology (Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press).
WALRATH/TURNER/BRUZEK 2004
Walrath, D. E./Turner, P./Bruzek, J., Reliability test of the visual assessment of cranial traits for sex determination, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 125, 132-137.
WHITE/FOLKENS 2005
White, T. D./Folkens, P. A., The Human Bone Manual (Amsterdam, Boston: Academic Press).
ZAHARIA/ZAHARIA 1962
Zaharia, E./Zaharia, N., Sondajul de salvare din necropola de la Probota, Materiale 8, 599-606.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, we use CC BY-NC-ND license (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs) wich only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
