THE GLAZED EARTHENWARE OF SUTOR/OPTATIANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14795/jaha.13.1.2026.1446Keywords:
Sutor/Optatiana, Roman wares, lead glaze, production techniquesAbstract
We discuss herein the glazed earthenware fragments discovered at Sutor during the rescue archaeological excavations conducted between 2021 and 2022. We thus address several key aspects regarding the study of glazed ceramics and make a brief introduction to the production history of such vessel types. Furthermore, we present the main production technologies and their development over the course of the centuries. We highlight the rareness of these earthenware categories, which due to the complex production technology involved higher costs that placed them among Roman-date luxury wares. The presence of these ceramic categories in the vicus at Sutor seems to suggest there existed trade relations with some of the centres in Dacia and, possibly, with a number of centres outside the province.
Downloads
References
ALICU/SOROCEANU 1982
Alicu, D./Soroceanu, A., Ceramica cu glazură plombiferă de la Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, Potaissa 3, 52-65.
ANGHEL 2019
Anghel, D., Suporturi pentru arderea ceramicii descoperite la Apulum, Apulum 56, 227-240.
ANGHEL/CIULAVU/BOUNEGRU 2021
Anghel, D./Ciulavu, F./Bounegru, G., Noi date privind activitatea atelierelor de olari de la Apulum, Apulum 58, 122-163.
ANGHEL/TĂNĂSELIA/BOER 2021
Dan G. Anghel, D. G./Tănăselia, C./Boer, O. T., Contribuții cu privire la identificarea metodelor de ardere a ceramicii glazurate romane, Acta Musei Porolissensis 43, 243-260.
ANGHEL et alii 2021
Anghel, D./Timofan, A./Bounegru, Ge./Tănăselia, C./Rusu-Bolindeț, V./Lascu, I./Dana, D., Roman Lead-Glazed Ceramics from the Collection of the National Museum of the Unification Alba Iulia (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
ANGHEL/NAGY/BALTEȘ 2022
Anghel, D. G./Nagy, I.-G./Balteș, G., Noi date despre producţia de ceramică cu glazură plombiferă de la Apulum, Terra Sebus 14/2, 81-111.
ANGHEL 2023
Anghel, D. G., Olăritul la Apulum - ateliere, inventar tehnologic și produsele ceramice specifice, Apulum 60, 194-234.
ARDEȚ 2009
Ardeț, A., Tibiscum. Ceramica romană descoperită la Iaz ”Traianu” (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
ARTHUR 1978
Arthur, P., The lead glazed wares of Roman Britain. In: Arthur, P./Marsh, G. (eds.), Early fine wares in Britain, BAR, British Series, 57, 294-354.
BARKÓCZI 1992
Barkóczi, L., Frührömische glasierte Keramik in Ungarn. In: Bánki, Z./Cserményi, V. (eds.), Glasierte keramik in Pannonién, Konig Sankt Sthepan Museum (Székesfehérvár), 8-35.
BAUMANN 2010
Baumann, V. H., Introducere în studiul ceramicii fine de la Noviodunum, Peuce SN 8, 109-146.
BENEA 2004
Benea, D., Ceramica glazurată de la Tibiscum, Apulum 41, 203-217.
BJELAJAC 1995
Bjelajac, L., Late roman glazed pottery in Singidunum (Moesia I), Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautores Acta 34, 33-38.
BELTRÁN LLORIS 1990
Beltrán Lloris, M., Guia de la cerámica romana (Zaragoza).
BIENERT 2007
Bienert, B., Die römische bronzengafäße im Rheinischen Lendesmuseum Trier, Trierer Zeitschrift 31 (Trier).
BOLOG 2017
Bolog, A. C., Necropola romană de la Apulum, Dealul Furcilor-„Podei” (campaniile 2008-2012), Bibliotheca Musei Apulensis 27 (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
BÓNIS 1942
Bónis, E., Die kaiserzeitliche Keramik von Pannonien (ausser den Sigillaten). Die Materialen der fruhen Kaiserzeit, Dissertationes Pannonicae II/20 (Budapest).
BÓNIS 1990
Bónis, E., A Màzas kerámia Pannoniàban. Előzmények és gyártási központok, Archaeologiai Értesítő 117, 24-38.
BOUNEGRU et alii 2021
Bounegru, G./Anghel, D. G./Bolog, A. C./Timofan, A./Tănăselia, C./Angyus, B., Ceramică glazurată descoperită în necropolele romane de la Apulum, Banatica 31, 107-128.
BRUKNER 1981
Brukner, O., Rimska Keramika U Jugoslovenskom delu provincje donje Panonije, (Beograd).
CASTELLA/MEYLAN-KRAUSE 1994
Castella, D./Meylan-Krause, M.-F., La céramique gallo-romaine d´Avenches et de sa région. Esquisse d´une typologie, Bulletin de l´Association Pro Aventico, Avenches 36, 5-126.
CERDÁN 2017
Cerdán, Á. M., La cerámica vidriada romana y su presencia en Hispania. In: Ochoa, C. F./Morillo, Á./Zarzalejos, M. (eds.), Manual de cerámica romana III (Alcalá de Henares), 383-433.
CERDÁN/MORAIS/CABELLO 2019
Cerdán, Á. M./Morais, R./Cabello, R. D., Cerámica vidriada romana en los contextos altoimperiales del campamento de León (España), Sagvntvm 51, 151-176.
CIAUȘESCU 2004
Ciauşescu, M., Early pottery production in Apulum (Partoş)- An Overview on recent research, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 39, 321-329.
COCIȘ 2004
Cociș, S., Fibulele din Dacia romană / The Brooches from Roman Dacia (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
COCIȘ/LĂZĂRESCU/SOCACIU 2021
Cociș, S./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Socaciu, S.-T., An Overview of the Archaeological Research in the Roman Fort and Vicus at Sutor (Sălaj County), Ephemeris Napocensis 31, 223-258.
COCIȘ/LĂZĂRESCU/SOCACIU 2022
Cociș, S./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Socaciu, S.-T., Cercetările arheologice din castrul și vicus-ul de la Sutor (2001- 2021), Cercetări Arheologice 29/1, 83-130.
COCIȘ/LĂZĂRESCU/SOCACIU 2023
Cociș, S./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Socaciu, S.-T., Date despre o nouă teracotă votivă de tip Dominus et Domina recent descoperită la Optatiana/Sutoru, jud. Sălaj. In: Firea, C./Rustoiu, A./Opreanu, C. H. (eds.), Sub semnul artei. Studii în onoarea academicianului Marius Porumb la 80 de ani (Cluj-Napoca), 197-204.
COCIȘ et alii 2015
Cociș, S./Opreanu, C. H./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Tamba, D./Onofrei, C./Blaga, D., Castrul roman de la Sutoru. In: Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România. Campania 2014 (București: Institutul Național al Patrimoniului), 134-137.
CRAMP/EVERSHED/ECKARDT 2011
Cramp, L. J. E./Evershed, R. P./Eckardt, H., What was a mortarium used for? Organic residues and cultural change in Iron Age and Roman Britain, Antiquity 85, 1339-1352.
CUOMO DI CAPRIO 1985
Cuomo di Caprio, N., La ceramica in archeologia. Antiche techniche di lavoratione e moderni metodi d'indagine (Roma).
CUOMO DI CAPRIO 2017
Cuomo di Caprio, N., Ceramics in Archaeology, From prehistoric to medieval times in Europe and the Mediterranean: Ancient craftsmanship and modern laboratory technics (Roma).
CVJETIĆANIN 2006
Cvjetićanin, T., Late roman glazed pottery. Glazed pottery from Moesia Prima, Dacia Ripensis, Dacia Mediterrana and Dardania (Belgrad).
DELAGE 2010
Delage, R., La sigillée du Graufesenque. In: Brulet, R./Vilvorder, F./Delage, R./Laduron, D. (eds.), La céramique romaine en Gaule de Nord. Dictionaire des céramique. La vaiseele à large diffusion (Brepols), 60-80.
DESBAT 1986a
Desbat, A., Céramiques romaines à glaçure plombifère de Lyon et de Vienne. In: SFECAG, Actes du Congrès de Toulouse (Marseille), 33-39.
DESBAT 1986b
Desbat, A., Céramiques romaines à glaçure plombifère des fouilles de Lyon (Hauts-de-Saint-Just, Rue des Farges, La Solitude), Figlina 7, 105-124.
DE VITO et alii 2017
De Vito, C./Medeghini L./Mignardi, S./Coletti, F./Contino, A., Roman glazed inkwells from the “Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio” (Rome, Italy): Production technology, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 37/4, 1779-1788.
DOMŹALSKI 2003
Domźalski, K., Central Italian lead-glazed vessels beyond the Northern Borders of the Roman Empire, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 38, 181-190.
DI FEBO et alii 2018
Di Febo, R./Molera, J./Pradell, T./Melgarejo, J. C./Madrenas, J./Vallcorba, O., The production of a lead glaze with galena: Thermal transformations in the PbS–SiO2 system, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101/5, 2119-2129.
EDUARDS 1975
Edwards, G. R., Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery, Corninth 7/3 (Princeton New Jersey).
ESPINOSA 2011
Espinosa, V. P., Mortaria Baeticae. La Produccción de morteros en la Bética durante el alto Imperio, Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada 21, 2011, 283-302.
GĂZDAC et alii 2021
Găzdac, C./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Cociș, S./Socaciu, S.-T., Coins in Archaeological Context (II). The Civilian Baths of Auxiliary Fort from Sutor (Romania, Sălaj County), Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology 8/3, 74-101.
GOHIER 2018a
Gohier, P., Les céramiques à glaçure plombifère antiques en Gaule Méridionales dans la Vallée du Rhône (Ier siècle av. J.C. - IIIe siècle apr. J.C.), Archéologie Histoire Romaine 40 (Drémil Lafarge: Edition Mergoil).
GOHIER 2018b
Gohier, P., Roman Lead-Glazed Pottery Trade from Italy to Southern Gaul and Its Influence on Local Production: The Example of the Capitou Workshop (France), Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 45, 203- 210.
GOHIER et alii 2018
Gohier, P./Desbat, A./Béal, J.-C./Bonnet, C., Deux vases remarquables en céramique à glaçure plombifère du début du Ier siècle mis au jour à Saint-Vulbas (Ain), Revue Archéologique de l’Est 67, 473-479.
GIANNOSSA et alii 2015
Giannossa, L. C./Fico, D./Pennetta, A./Mangone, A./Laviano, R./De Benedetto, G. E., Integrated investigations for the characterisation of Roman lead-glazed pottery from Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy), Chemical Papers 69/8, 1033-1043. DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0110.
GIRALT 2014
Giralt, G. M., Colour and technology in historic decorated glazes and glasses, PhD thesis (Barcelona).
GREENE 1977
Greene, K., Legionary pottery and the significance of Holt. In: Dore, J./ Greene, K. (eds.), Roman pottery studies in Britain and Beyond, BAR Supplementary Series 30 (Oxford), 113-138.
GREENE 1978
Greene, C., Mould-decorated Central Gaulish glazed ware in Britain. In: Arthur, P./Marsh, G. (eds.), Early Fine Wares in Roman Britain, BAR British Series I7 (Oxford), 31-68.
GREENE 2007
Greene, K., Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Invention and Innovation: The Case of Lead-Glazed Pottery, American Journal of Archaeology 111/4, 653-671.
GUDEA 1990
Gudea, N., Über die glasierte keramik aus dem 2-3 jahrhundert u. Z. in dern Dakishen provinzen, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 27/28, 155-169.
GUDEA 1997
Gudea, N., Der dakische Limes. Materialien zu seiner Geschichte, Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz 44/1, 1-113.
HAMAT 2018
Hamat, A. C., The pottery workshops at Gârla Mare (Mehedinți County). In: RUSU-BOLINDEȚ et alii 2018, 175-189.
HATCHER et alii 1994
Hatcher, H./Kaczmarczyk, A./Symonds, R., Chemical Classification and Provenance of some Glazed Ceamics, American Journal of Archaeology 98/3, 431-456.
HAYES 2008
John W. Hayes, Roman pottery: fine-ware imports, The Athenian Agora 32 (Princeton/New Jersey).
HODGES 1965
Hodges, H., The Artifacts (London).
HÖPKEN 2003
Höpken, C., Die produktionen glasierter keramik im Römischen Köln, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 38, 365-366.
HÖPKEN et alii 2009
Höpken, C./Döhner, G./Fiedler, M., Zur Produktion glasierter Keramik während der mittleren Kaiserzeit in der Provinz Germania inferior Zeugnisse aus Köln, Bonn und Soller, Bonner Jahrbücher 209, 129-146.
ILIEŞ et alii 2002
Ilieş, C./Cociş, S./Marcu, F./ Tamba, D./Matei, Al., Raport privind cercetările arheologice de la Sutor, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Theologia Greco-Catholica Varadiensis 47/1, 131-151.
ILIEŞ et alii 2002a
Ilieş, C./Cociş, S./Marcu, F./ Tamba, D./Matei, Al., Săpăturile de la Sutor din 2001. In: Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, Campania 2001 (București: Institutul Național al Patrimoniului), 302-304.
ILIEŞ et alii 2007
Ilieş, C./Cociş, S./Mustaţă, S./Tamba, D./Matei, Al.V./ Marcu, F./Ştefan, D./Duţescu, M., Săpăturile de la Sutoru, com. Zimbor, jud. Sălaj, Punct: La Cetate. In: Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, Campania 2006 (București: Institutul Național al Patrimoniului), 355-356.
ILIEŞ et alii 2009
Ilieş, C./Cociş, S./Mustaţă, S./Matei, Al.V./Tamba, D./Marcu, F./Cupcea, G./Petiş, I., Sutoru, com. Zimbor, jud. Sălaj. In: Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, Campania 2008 (București: Institutul Național al Patrimoniului), 208-209.
ISINGS 1957
Isings, C., Roman Glass, From dated finds (Djakarta).
JEПEНA 1995
Jeпeнa, К., Kacнoatиko и paнoьизoнтијsc Кcpeьpнo пocyђe uэ Cpϭијe. In: Popović, I./Cvjetićanin, T./Borić-Brešković, B. (eds.), Silver workshops and Mints, Monographs Series, 9 (Belgrade: National Museum), 184-187.
JEREMIĆ et alii 2018
Jeremić, G./Antonović, D./Vitezović, S., Craftsmanship Along the Middle Danubian Limes. In: Golubović, S./Mrđić, N. (eds.), Vivere Militare Est. From Populus to Emperors - Living on the Frontier, I, (Belgrade: Institute of Archaeology), 131-168.
KABAKCHIEVA 2018
Kabakchieva, G., Lead-glazed pottery in the lower Moesia and Thrace provinces in the period 1st–5th century AD, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 45, 581-590.
KÖLCZE 2018
Kölcze, B., A typology of the Late Roman glazed pottery of Pannonia, Hungarian Archaeology E-Journal 2018, Autumn, 20- 26.
KREKOVICI 1991
Krekovici, E., Glasierte keramik in Mittleleurpaeischen freien Germanien, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 29/30, 149-156.
LERAT/JEANNIN 1960
Lerat, L./Jeannin, Y., La céramique sigille de Luxeuil, Annales Littérrraires de LˈUniversité de Besançon 31, Archéologie 9 (Paris: Les belles lettres).
LIPOVAN 1983-1984
Lipovan, I. T., Officina ceramistului Gaius Iulius Proclus la Ampelum, Anuarul Institutului de Istorie și Arheologie 26, 301-317.
LIPOVAN 1990
Lipovan, I. T., Cu privire la ceramica cu glazură plombiferă din Ampelum, Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche și Arheologie 41, 3/4, 273-292.
MACCABRUNI 1987
Maccabruni, C., Cerámica con invetriatura al piombo. In: Léveque, P./Morel, J.-P. (eds.), Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines, Annales Littdraires de l'Univ. de Besangon, 330/2 (Paris),167-189.
MARTENS 2004
Martens, M., The Mithraeum in Tienen (Belgium): small finds and what they can tell us, In: De Boe, G. (ed.), Roman Mithraism. The evidence of the small finds. Papers of the international conference, Tienen. 7–8 November 200, Arch. in Vlaanderen, 4, (Brüssel), 25-56.
MARTIN 1995
Martin, A., Central italian lead-glazed Ware, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 34, 63-68.
MITROFAN 1990
Mitrofan, I., Les recherches archéologiques de l´établissement romain de Micăsasa, Dacia: Recherches et découvertes archéologiques en Roumanie - Nouvelle Série 34, 129-138.
MITROFAN 1995
Mitrofan, I., Le centre de production céramique de Micăsasa (Cluj-Napoca).
MITROFAN/POP 1996
Mitrofan, I./Pop, C. (eds.), Marele centru ceramic roman de la Micăsasa. Îndeletniciri – Artă – Credințe (Cluj-Napoca).
MOGA et alii 2007
Moga, V./Timofan, A./Lascu, I./Ota, R./Bounegru, G./Bălan, G./Anghel, D., Descoperă arheologia urbană Apulum 2007, Catalog de expoziţie (Alba Iulia).
MONAGHAN 1997
Monaghan, J., Roman Pottery from York. In: Addyman, P.V. (ed.), The Archaeology of York, 16 The Pottery, (HalifaxYorkshire).
MUȘEȚEANU 1993
Mușețeanu, C., Céramique à glaçure plombiphère de Durostorum, Pontica 26, 231-244.
NÁDORFI 1992
Nádorfi, G., Glasierte Keramik in den spätrömischen Gräberfeldern Pannoniens In: Bánki, Z./Cserményi, V., Glasierte Keramik in Pannonién (Székesfehérvár: König Sankt Stephan Museums), 45-51.
NAGY 1945
Lajos, N., Zöldzománcos római dísztál Budáról. Le vase de luxe à glaçure verte de Buda, Budapest Régiségei 14, 285-301.
NIKOLIĆ-ĐORĐEVIĆ 2000
Nikolić-Đorđević, S., Antička Keramika Singidunuma. Oblici Posuda. In: Popović, M. (ed.), Singidunum 2 (Beograd), 11-244.
NIKOLIĆ et alii 2023
Nikolić, S./Raičković Savić, A./Mitić, A., Roman pottery from Viminacium, Institute of Archaeology Viminacium 7 (Belgrade: Institute of Archaeology).
ORANSKY 2001
Oransky, A., Antik çağdaanadoluˈda kurșun sirli seramikel. In: Uluslararasi eskișehir pișmiș toprak sempozyum dildiriler kitobi, 15 ağustos-5 eyül 2001 (Eskișehir), 47-55.
PASSELAC 1992
Passelac, M., Formes et techniques italiques dans les productions céramiques augustéennes du bassin de L'Aude: Mise en évidence d'un groupe d'ateliers, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 31/32, 207-229.
PEACOCK 1982
Peacock, D. P. S., Pottery in the Roman World: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach (New York: Longman).
PRADELL/MOLERA 2020
Pradell, T./Molera, J., Ceramic Technology. How to Characterise Ceramic Glazes, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12/8, no. 189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01136-9.
PROTASE et alii 1997
Protase, D./Gaiu, C./Marinescu, G., Castrul roman de la Ilișua, Revista Bistriței 10-11, 27-110.
RICCI 1985
Ricci, A., Ceramica a pareti sottili. In: Baldassarre, I. (coord.), Atlante delle forme ceramique, II, Ceramica fine romana nel Bacino Mediterraneo (Rome), 231-357.
RUSU-BOLINDEȚ 1995
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V., Céramiques romanine a glacure plombifere des foulles de Colonia Aurelia Apulensis et Ulpia Traiana Sarmisegetuza, Rei Cretariae Romanae Fautorum Acta 34, 147-154.
RUSU-BOLINDEŢ 2007
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V., Ceramica romană de la Napoca. Contribuţii la studiul ceramicii din Dacia romană (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
RUSU-BOLINDEȚ 2016
Rusu-Bolindeț, V., Supply and Consumption of Terra Sigillata in Roman Dacia during the Severan Dynasty. In: Panaite, A./Cîrjan, R./Căpiţă, C. (eds.), Moesica et Christiana, Studies in honour of Professor Alexandru Barnea (Brăila), 379-409.
RUSU-BOLINDEȚ/BOTIȘ 2018
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V./Botiş, F.-O. (eds.) The supply of ceramic goods in Dacia and Lower Moesia: Imports and local developments, Exhibition Catalogue (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
RUSU-BOLINDEȚ et alii 2018
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V./Roman, C.-A./Gui, M./Iliescu, I.-A./Botiş, F.-O./Mustaţă, S./Petruţ, D. (eds.), Atlas of roman pottery workshops from the Provinces Dacia and Lower Moesia/Scythia Minor (1st-7st Centuries AD) (I) (Cluj-Napoca: Mega).
SCHÖRGENDORFER 1942
Schörgendorfer, A., Die romerzeitliche Keramik der Ostalpenlander (Brunn–Wien–Munchen).
SOCACIU/LĂZĂRESCU/COCIȘ 2023
Socaciu, S.-T./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Cociș, S., Cercetări arheologice din vicus-ul de la Sutor. Campania 2022, Cercetări Arheologice 30/1, 85-108.
SOCACIU/LĂZĂRESCU/COCIȘ 2023a
Socaciu, S.-T./Lăzărescu, V.-A./Cociș, S., Terracottas from Sutor/Optatiana. New data concerning the artefacts discovered during the rescue excavations in 2021–2022, Ephemeris Napocensis 33, 163-199.
TABORELLI 2011
Taborelli, L. B., Skyphoi in ceramica invetriata. In: Taborelli, L. B. (ed.), Oro pane e scrittura. Memorie di una comunità "inter Vercellas et Eporediam" (Rome), 129-132.
TASSINARI 1993
Tassinari, S., Il vasellame bronzzeo di Pompei (Rome).
TEKKÖK et alii 2009
Tekkök, B./Akyol, A. A./Kadioğlu, Y. K./Demirci, Ș., The Importance of Archaeometric Analysis on Ceramics from Archaeological Excavation: The Example of Eary Roman Glazed Ware from Tarsus and Troia. In: SERES’09: I, International Ceramic, Glass, Porcelain Enamel, Glaze and Pigment Congress (Eskisehir), 1-21.
TITE et alii 1998
Tite, M. S./Freestone, I. C./Mason, R./Molera, J./Vendrell-Saz, M./Wood, N., Lead Glazes in Antiquity-Methods of Production and Reasons for Use, Archaeometry 40/2, 241-260.
TORMA 1863
Torma, C., Adalek Északnyugati Dacia Föld- és Helyiratához (Budapesta: A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia évkönyvei).
TORMA 1880
Torma, C., A limes dacicus felsõ része (Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Könyvkiadó-Hivatala).
VERTET 1986
Vertet, H., Recherches sur les glaçure plombifères dans le centre de la Gaul, SFECAG, Actes du Congrès de la Toulouse, 25-38.
VILLING/PEMBERTON 2010
Villing, A./Pemberton, E. G., Mortaria from Ancient Corinth, form and function, Hesperia 79, 555-638.
VILVORDER 2010
Vilvorder, F., La cèramiques à glaçure plobifère du central Gaule. In: Brulet, R./Vilvorder, F./Delage, R./Laduron, D. (eds.), La céramique romaine en Gaule de Nord. Dictionaire des céramique. La vaiseele à large diffusion (Brepols), 86-88.
WALTON 2004
Walton, M. S., A Materials Chemistry Investigation of Archaeological Lead Glazes, PhD thesis (Michaelmas).
WALTON/TITE 2010
Walton, M. S./Tite, M. S., Production tehnology of Roman Lead-Glazed pottery and its continuance into Late Antiquity, Archaeometry 52/5, 733-759.
WELKER 1985
Welker, E., Die römishen Gläser von Nida-Heddernheim, II (Bonn).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, we use CC BY-NC-ND license (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs) wich only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
