ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN CENTRAL EUROPE, MIDDLE BRONZE AGE IN EASTERN EUROPE, AND THE “2200 EVENT”
Abstract
Keywords
DOI: 10.14795/j.v10i1.817
References
ALEXANDROV 2018
Alexandrov, S., The Early and Middle Bronze Age in Bulgaria: Chronology, Periodization, Cultural Contacts and Precious Metal Finds. In: Alexandrov, S./Dimitrova, Y./Popov, H./Horejs, B./Chukalev, K. (eds.), Gold & Bronze. Metals, technologies and Interregional Contacts in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age (Sofia: National Archaeological Institute and Museum), 85–96.
ALLEY et alii 1997
Alley, R.B./Shuman, C.A./Meese, D.A./Gow, A.J./Taylor, K.C./Cuffey, K.M./Fitzpatrick, J.J./Grootes, P.M./Zielinski, G.A./Ram, M./Spinelli, G./Elder, B., Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core: Basis, reproducibility, and application, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 102, 26367–26381.
ALRAM-STERN 2004
Alram-Stern, E., Die Ägäische Frühzeit, 2. Serie, Forschungsbericht 1975-2003, Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland mit Ausnahme von Kreta, Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 21 (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften).
ANTHONY 2007
Anthony, D.W., The Horse, the Wheel and Language (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
BÁTORA 2000
Bátora,J., Das Gräberfeld von Jelšovce/Slowakei: ein Beitrag zur Frühbronzezeit im nordwestlichen Karpatenbecken (Kiel: Oetker/Voges).
BÁTORA 2018
Bátora, J., Slovensko v staršej dobe bronzovej (Bratislava: KO & KA).
BECKER et alii 1989
Becker, B./Jäger, K.-D./Kaufmann, D./Litt, Th., Dendrochronologische Datierungen von Eichenhölzern aus den frühbronzezeitlichen Hügelgräbern bei Helmsdorf und Leubingen (Aunjetitzer Kultur) und an bronzezeitlichen Flußeichen bei Merseburg, Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte 72, 299–312.
BERGER/GAUSS 2016
Berger, L./Gauss, W., Early Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna: A View from a Southwest Aegean Centre. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 209–228.
BERTEMES/HEYD 2015
Bertemes, F./Heyd, V., 2200 BC – Innovation or Evolution? The genesis of the Danubian Early Bronze Age. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 561–578.
BINI et alii 2019
Bini, M./Zanchetta, G./Perşoiu, A./Cartier, R./Catala, A./Cacho, I./Dean, J.R./Di Rita, F./Drysdale, R.N./Finne, M./Isola, I./Jalali, B./Lirer, F./Magri, D./Masi, A./Marks, L./Mercuri, A.M./Peyron, O./Sadori, L./Sicre, M.-A./Welc, F./Zielhofer, Ch./Brisset, E., The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean Region: an overview, Climate of the Past 15, 555–577.
BLUM 2016
Blum, S.W.E., The Final Stages of the Early Bronze Age at Troy: Cultural Development, Chronology, and Interregional Contacts. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 89–119.
BLUM/RIEHL 2015
Blum, S.W.E./Riehl, S., Troy in the 23rd century BC – environmental dynamics and cultural change. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 181–203.
BOLOHAN 2003
Bolohan, N., Recent discoveries belonging to Early/Middle Bronze Age in Central Moldova, Arheologia Moldovei 26, 195–206.
BORISOV 2011
Borisov, A.V./Mimokhod, R.A./Demkin, V.A., Paleopochvy i prirodnye usloviya yuzhnorusskih stepej v postkatakombnoe vremya [Paleosoils and natural conditions of the South Russian Steppes in the post-Catacomb time], Brief reports of the Institute of Archeology 225, 144–154.
BOUZEK 1985
Bouzek, J., The Aegean, Anatolia and Europe: Cultural Interrelations in the Second Millennium B.C. (Praha: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences).
BRUNNER et alii 2020
Brunner, M./von Felten J./Hinz M./Hafner A., Central European Early Bronze Age chronology revisited: A Bayesian examination of large-scale radiocarbon dating, PLoS ONE 15/12: e0243719. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243719.
CHANG 1999
Chang, K.C., China on the eve of the Historical period. In: Loewe, M./Shaughnessy, E.D. (eds.), The Cambridge History of ancient China. From the origins of civilization to 221 B.C. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 37–73.
CLAUSEN et alii 1997
Clausen, H.B./Hammer, C.U./Hvidberg, Ch.S./Dahl-Jensen, D./Steffensen, J.P., A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores, Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (C12), 26707–26723.
COLEMAN 2000
Coleman, J.E., An archaeological scenario for the “coming of the Greeks” ca. 3200 B.C., Journal of Indo-European Studies 28/1–2, 101–153.
CULLEN et alii 2000
Cullen, H.M./de Menocal, P.B./Hemming, S./Hemming, G./Brown, F.H./Guilderson, T./Sirocko, F., Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea, Geology 28/4, 379–382.
CZEBRESZUK 1991
Czebreszuk, J., Late horizon of the Globular Amphorae Culture versus other cultural structures of the Neolithic-Bronze Age interstage. Problem of system disintegration. In: Cofta-Broniewska, A. (ed.), New tendencies in studies of Globular Amphorae culture (Warsaw: Warsaw University), 113–136.
CZEBRESZUK/SZMYT 2008
Czebreszuk, J./Szmyt, M., Bell Beakers and their role in a settlement evolution during the Neolithic-Bronze interstage on the Polish Lowland. In: Baioni, M./Leonini, V./Lo Vetro, D./Martini, F./Poggiani Keller, R./ Sarti, L., Bell Beaker in everyday life. Proceedings of the 10th Meeting “Archeologie et Gobelets” (Florence – Siena – Villanuova sul Clisi). May 12-15, 2006 (Firenze: Edifir), 221–233.
CZEBRESZUK/SZMYT 2012
Czebreszuk, J./Szmyt, M., Bell Beakers and the cultural milieu of north European plain. In: Fokkens, H./Nicolis, F. (eds.), Background to Beakers. Inquiries into regional cultural backgrounds of the Bell Beaker complex (Leiden: Sidestone press), 157–176.
DAVID 2001
David, W., Zu den Beziehungen zwischen Donau-Karpatenraum, osteuropäischen Steppengebieten und ägäisch-anatolischem Raum zur Zeit der mykenischen Schachtgräber unter Berücksichtigung neuerer Funde aus Südbayern. In: The Mediterranean and Central Europe in contacts and confrontations (from the Bronze Age until the End of Antique). Proceedings of the International Conference, Modra-Harmónia, 23.–25.11.2000. ANO∆OΣ. Studies of Ancient World 1 (Trnava), 51-80.
DE MENOCAL 2001
de Menocal, P.B., Cultural Responses to Climate Change During the Late Holocene, Science 292, 667–673.
DELLA CASA 2013
Della Casa, Ph., Switzerland and the Central Alps. In: Fokkens, H./Harding A.(eds.), The European Bronze Age (Oxford:Oxford University Press), 706–722.
DESHAYES 1969
Deshayes, J., New evidence for the Indo-Europeans from Tureng-Tepe, Iran, Archaeology 22/1, 10–17.
DREWS 2017
Drews, R., Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe (London: Routledge).
ECKSTEIN et alii 2010
Eckstein, J./Leuschner, H.H./Giesecke, Th./Shumilovskikh, L./Bauerochse A., Dendroecological investigations at Venner Moor (northwest Germany) document climate-driven woodland dynamics and mire development in the period 2450–2050 BC, The Holocene 20/2, 231–244.
ERKANAL/ŞAHOĞLU 2016
Erkanal, H./Şahoğlu, V., Liman Tepe, an Early Bronze Age Trade Center in Western Anatolia: Recent Investigations. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 157–166.
EPIMAKHOV 2020
Epimakhov, A.V., Radiouglerodnye argumenty abashevskogo proiskhozhdeniya sintashtinskikh tradicii bronzovogo veka [Radiocarbon Arguments of the Abashevo Origin of the Bronze Age Sintashta Traditions], Ural'skij istoricheskii vestnik 4/69, 51–60.
FINNÉ et alii 2011
Finné, M./Holmgren, K./Sundqvist, H.S./Weiberg, E./Lindblom, M., Climate in the eastern Mediterranean, and adjacent regions, during the past 6000 years – A review, Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 3153–3173.
FISCHL et alii 2015
Fischl, K.P./Kiss, V./Kulcsár, G./Szeverényi, V., Old and new narratives for Hungary around 2200 BC. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 503–523.
FITZPATRICK 2015
Fitzpatrick, A.P., Great Britain and Ireland in 2200 BC. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 805¬–832.
GAMKRELIDZE/IVANOV 1995
Gamkrelidze, T.V./Ivanov, V.V., Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture (Berlin: De Gruyter).
GENZ 2015
Genz, H., Beware of environmental determinism: the transition from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age on the Lebanese coast and the 4.2 ka BP event. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 97–111.
GERLOFF 2007
Gerloff, S., Reinecke’s ABC and the chronology of the British Bronze Age. In: Burgess, Ch./Topping, P./Lynch, F. (eds.), Beyond Stonehenge essays on the Bronze Age in honour of Colin Burgess (Oxford: Oxbow Books), 117–161.
GEY 2011
Gey, A.N., Spornye voprosy i perspektivy izucheniya katakombnoj kul'turno-istoricheskoj obshchnosti [Controversial issues and the study of the catacomb cultural-historical community], Brief reports of the Institute of Archeology 225, 3–10.
GOGÂLTAN 2015
Gogâltan, F., The Early and Middle Bronze Age Chronology on the Eastern Frontier of the Carpathian Basin. Revisited after 15 Years. In: Nemeth, R./Rezi, B. (eds.), Bronze Age Chronology in the Carpathian Basin. Proceedings of the International Colloquium from Târgu Mureș, 2-4 October 2014 (Cluj-Napoca: Mega), 53–96.
GRIGORIEV 2002
Grigoriev, S.A., Ancient Indo-Europeans (Chelyabinsk: Rifei).
GRIGORIEV 2018
Grigoriev, S.A., Problema hronologii sintashtinskoj kul'tury [The problem of Sintashta culture chronology]. In: Zdanovich D.G. (ed.), Stepnaya Evraziya v epohu bronzy: kul'tury, idei, tehnologii [Steppe Eurasia in the Bronze Age: Cultures, Ideas, Technologies] (Chelyabinsk: University Press), 37–61.
GRIGORIEV 2018a
Grigoriev, S.A., Eastern influences and the transition to new types of metalworking at the end of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe, Musaica Archaeologica 2, 33–49.
GRIGORIEV 2019
Grigoriev, S.A., Central European impulses in Eastern Europe in the early second millennium BC,” Slovenská Archeológia 2, 225–239.
GRIGORIEV 2021
Grigoriev, S.A., Archeology, language and genes: the Indo-European perspective, Journal of Indo-European studies 1/2, 187–230.
GRIGORIEV 2021a
Grigoriev, S.A., The evolution of antler and bone cheekpieces from the Balkan-Carpathian region to Central Kazakhstan: chronology of “chariot” cultures and Mycenaean Greece, Journal of ancient history and archaeology 8/2, 148–189.
GRIGORIEV 2022
Grigoriev, S., Hronologiya sejminsko-turbinskikh bronz na osnovanii blizhnevostochnykh i kitajskikh istochnikov i datirovki izverzheniya Santorina [Chronology of the Seima-Turbino bronzes based on Near Eastern and Chinese sources and the dating of the Santorini eruption], Arheologiya Evrazijskih stepej [Archaeology of the Eurasian steppes] 6, 186–200.
GRIGORIEV 2022a
Grigoriev, S., Origins of the Greeks and Greek dialects, Journal of ancient history and archaeology 1, 5–46.
GRIGORIEV 2023
Grigoriev, S., Horse and Chariot: Critical Reflections on one Theory, Archaeologia Austriaca 107 – in press.
GUO et alii 2018
Guo, J./Qiu, Sh./Fan, Z./Guo, L./Tao, Y., 中国冶炼技术本土起源：从长江中游冶炼遗存直接证据谈起（一）[Native Origin of Chinese Smelting Technology: Discussion of Direct Evidence of Smelting Remains in the Middle Yangtze River (1)], Cultural Relics in Southern China 3, 57–71. (Chinese)
HELAMA et alii 2013
Helama, S./Holopainen, J./Macias-Fauria, M./Timonen, M./Mielikäinen, K., A chronology of climatic downturns through the mid- and late-Holocene: tracing the distant effects of explosive eruptions from palaeoclimatic and historical evidence in northern Europe, Polar Research 32:1, 15866, DOI: 10.3402/polar.v32i0.15866
HEYD 2013
Heyd, V., Europe at the Dawn of the Bronze Age. In: Heyd, V./ Kulcsár, G./ Szeverényi V. (eds.), Transitions to the Bronze Age: Interregional Interaction and Socio-Cultural Change in the Third Millennium BC Carpathian Basin and Neighbouring Regions. Archaeolingua Main Ser. 30 (Budapest: Archaeolingua), 9–66.
HEYD et alii 2016
Heyd, V./Aydıngün, Ş./Güldoğan, E., Kanlıgeçit – Selimpaşa – Mikhalich and the Question of Anatolian Colonies in Early Bronze Age Southeast Europe. In: Molloy, B.P.C. (ed.), Of Odysseys and Oddities. Scales and modes of interaction between prehistoric Aegean societies and their neighbours (Oxford&Philadelphia: Oxbow Books), 169–202.
HÖFLMAYER 2015
Höflmayer, F., The southern Levant, Egypt, and the 4.2 ka BP event. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 113–127.
HRISTOV 2016
Hristov, M.G., Dubene and its Probable Contacts with the Aegaeo-Anatolian Region. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 229–237.
IVANOVA 2020
Ivanova, S.V., Tradicii i innovacii v usloviyah frontira: pogrebenie s posohom u s. Pologi [Traditions and innovations in the conditions of the frontier: a burial with a staff near the village Pology]. In: Otroshchenko, V.V./Toshchev, G. M./Papanova V.A. (eds.). Pologіvs'kij posoh: dosvіd mіzhdisciplіnarnogo vivchennya [Pology crook: experience of interdisciplinary study] (Kyiv: O. Fedorov), 46–81.
JUNG/WENINGER 2015
Jung, R./Weninger, B., Archaeological and environmental impact of the 4.2 ka cal BP event in the central and eastern Mediterranean. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 205–234.
KIENLIN 2008
Kienlin, T.L., Frühes Metall im nordalpinen Raum. Eine Untersuchung zu technologischen und kognitiven Aspekten früher Metallurgie anhand der Gefüge frühbronzezeitlicher Beilen. T. I (Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt).
KITCHEN 1991
Kitchen, K.A., The Chronology of Ancient Egypt, World Archaeology 23/2, 201–208.
KLEJN 2007
Klejn, L.S. Drevnie migracii i proiskhozhdenie indoevropejskih narodov [Ancient migrations and the origin of the Indo-European peoples] (Sankt-Peterburg).
KOBASHI et alii 2013
Kobashi, T./Goto-Azuma, K./Box, J.E./Gao, C.-C./Nakaegawa, T., Causes of Greenland temperature variability over the past 4000 yr, Climate of the Past 9, 2299–2317.
KÖLLING et alii 2015
Kölling, M./Lull, V./Micó, R./Herrada, C.R./Risch R., No indication of increased temperatures around 2200 BC in the south-west Mediterranean derived from oxygen isotope ratios in marine clams (Glycymeris sp.) from the El Argar settlement of Gatas, south-east Iberia. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 449–455.
KOUKA 2013
Kouka, O., “Minding the Gap” Against the Gaps: The Early Bronze Age and the Transition to the Middle Bronze Age in the Northern and Eastern Aegean/Western Anatolia, American Journal of Archaeology 117, 569–580.
KRAUSE 2003
Krause, R., Studien zur kupfer- und frühbronzezeitlichen Metallurgie zwischen Karpatenbecken und Ostsee (Rahden/Westf.: Marie Leidorf).
KRISTIANSEN/LARSSON 2005
Kristiansen, K./Larsson, T.B., The rise of Bronze Age society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
KUZ’MINA 2000
Kuzm’ina, E.E., Pervaya volna migracii indoirancev na yug [The first wave of migration of Indo-Iranians to the south], Journal of Ancient History 4, 3–20.
LEE 2002
Lee, Y.K., Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History, Asian Perspectives 41/1, 15–42.
LEONARDI et alii 2015
Leonardi, G./Cupitò, M./Baioni, M./Longhi, C./Martinelli, N., Northern Italy around 2200 cal BC – From Copper Age to Early Bronze Age: continuity and/or discontinuity? In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 283–304.
LESHTAKOV 2014
Leshtakov, K.P., Troy and Upper Thrace: What Happened in the EBA 3? (Interrelations Based on Pottery Evidence). In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. An international conference held at the University of Tübingen May 8–10, 2009. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 321–337.
LI 2018
Li, M., Social memory and state formation in Early China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
LULL et alii 2013
Lull, V./Micó, R./Herrada, C.R./Risch, R., Political collapse and social change at the end of El Argar. In: Meller, H. (ed.), 1600 – Kultureller Umbruch im Schatten des Thera-Ausbruchs? 1600 – Cultural change in the shadow of the Thera-Eruption? 4. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 14. bis 16. Oktober 2011 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 9 (Hale: Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 283–302.
LULL et alii 2015
Lull, V./Micó, R./Herrada, C.R./Risch, R., Transition and conflict at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in south Iberia. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 365–407.
LULL et alii 2017
Lull V./Micó R./Rihuete-Herrada C./Risch R./Escanilla N., The absolute chronology of Argaric halberds. In: Barceló, J.A./Bogdanovic, I./Morell, B. (eds.), IberCrono. Cronometrías Para la Historia de la Península Ibérica. Actas del Congreso de Cronometrías Para la Historia de la Península Ibérica (IberCrono 2017). Barcelona, Spain, September 17-19, 2016 (Barcelona: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona), 143–162.
LYTVYNENKO 2013
Lytvynenko, R.O., Central European parallels to the Dnieper-Don centre of Babyno Culture, Baltic-Pontic studies 18, 121–138.
LYTVYNENKO 2020
Lytvynenko, R.O., Neordinarne pohovannya bronzovogo vіku z girligoyu: kul'turno-hronologіchna ocіnka [An extraordinary burial of the Bronze Age with a crook: a cultural and chronological assessment]. In: Otroshchenko, V.V./Toshchev, G. M./Papanova V.A. (eds.). Pologіvs'kij posoh: dosvіd mіzhdisciplіnarnogo vivchennya [Pology crook: experience of interdisciplinary study] (Kyiv: O. Fedorov), 88–102.
MA et alii 2008
Ma, C./Zhu, C./Zheng, C./Wu, C./Guan, Y./Zhao, Z./Huang, L./ Run, H., High-resolution geochemistry records of climate changes since late-glacial from Dajiuhu peat in Shennongjia Mountains, Central China, Chinese Science Bulletin 53, Supp. I, 28–41.
MA et alii 2009
Ma, C./Zhu, C./Zheng, C./Yin, Q./Zhao, Z., Climate changes in East China since the Late-glacial inferred from high-resolution mountain peat humification records, Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 52/1, 118–131.
MAGNY et alii 2009
Magny, M./Galop, D./Bellintani, P./Desmet, M./Didier, J./Haas, J.N./Martinelli, N./Pedrotti, A./Scandolari, R./Vannière Stock, A.B., Late-Holocene climatic variability south of the Alps as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lake Ledro, Trentino, Italy, The Holocene 19/4, 575–589.
MARAN 1998
Maran, J., Kulturwandel auf dem griechischen Festland und den Kykladen im späten 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr.: Studien zu den kulturellen Verhältnissen in Südosteuropa und dem zentralen sowie östlichen Mittelmeerraum in der späten Kupfer- und frühen Bronzezeit (Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt).
MARGARITELLI et alii 2016
Margaritelli, G./Vallefuoco, M./Di Rita, F./Capotondi, L./Bellucci, L.G./Insinga, D.D./Petrosino, P./Bonomo, S./Cacho, I./Cascella, A./Ferraro, L./Florindo, F./Lubritto, C./Lurcock, P.C./Magri, D./Pelosi, N./Rettori, R./Lirer, F., Marine response to climate changes during the last five millennia in the central Mediterranean Sea, Global and Planetary Change 142, 53–72.
MASSA/ŞAHOĞLU 2015
Massa, M./Şahoğlu, V., The 4.2 ka BP climatic event in west and central Anatolia: combining palaeoclimatic proxies and archaeological data. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 61–78.
METZNER-NEBELSICK 2013
Metzner-Nebelsick, C., Gedanken zur Frage des kulturellen Wandels in der Zeit um 1600 v. chr. in Nordwest-Rumänien und Nordost-Ungarn. In: Meller, H. (ed.), 1600 – Kultureller Umbruch im Schatten des Thera-Ausbruchs? 1600 – Cultural change in the shadow of the Thera-Eruption? 4. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 14. bis 16. Oktober 2011 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 9 (Hale: Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 327–354.
MIMOKHOD 2018
Mimokhod, R.A., Paleoklimat i kul'turogenez v Vostochnoi Evrope v kontse III tys. do n.e. [Paleoclimate and cultural genesis in Eastern Europe at the end of the 3rd millennium BC], Rossiiskaya Arkheologiya 2, 33–48.
MIMOKHOD et alii 2020
Mimokhod, R.A./Shishlina, N.I./Hommel', P., 14C dannye kurgana 1 mog. Pologi i radiouglerodnaya hronologiya dnepro-donskoj babinskoj kul'tury [14C data from barrow 1 of the Pology cemetery and radiocarbon chronology of the Dnieper-Don Babino culture]. In: Otroshchenko, V.V./Toshchev, G.M./Papanova V.A. (eds.), Pologіvs'kij posoh: dosvіd mіzhdisciplіnarnogo vivchennya [Pology crook: experience of interdisciplinary study] (Kyiv: O. Fedorov), 103–113.
MIMOKHOD 2022
Mimokhod, R.A., Desyat' let spustya ili radiouglerodnaya hronologiya bloka postkatakombnyh kul'turnyh obrazovanij v svete novyh dannyh [Ten years later, or radiocarbon chronology of the block of post-Catacomb cultural formations in the light of new data]. In: Gey, A.N. (ed.), Eneolit i bronzovyj vek Cirkumpontijskogo regiona: kul'turnye processy i vzaimodejstviya [Eneolithic and Bronze Age of the Circumpontian Region: Cultural Processes and Interactions] (Moscow: IA RAN), 70–73.
MOTZOI-CHICIDEANU/ȘANDOR-CHICIDEANU 2015
Motzoi-Chicideanu, I./Șandor-Chicideanu, M., Câteva date noi privind cronologia culturii Monteoru, Mousaios 20, 9–53.
MÜLLER 2015
Müller, J., Crisis – what crisis? Innovation: different approaches to climatic change around 2200 BC. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 651–670.
NICOLIS 2013
Nicolis, F., Northern Italy. In: Fokkens, H./Harding, A. (eds.), The European Bronze Age (Oxford: Oxford University press), 692–705.
NIENHAUSER 1994
Nienhauser, W.H. (ed.), The Grand Scribe's Records, Volume I. The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
NIGRO et alii 2019
Nigro, L./Calcagnile, L./Yasin, J./Gallo, E./Quarta, G., Jericho and the Chronology of Palestine in the Early Bronze Age: a Radiometric re-assessment, Radiocarbon 6 (11), 211–241.
NIVISON 1999
Nivison, D.S., The Key to the Chronology of the Three Dynasties: The “Modern Text” Bamboo Annals, Sino-Platonic Papers 93, 1–68.
OLSEN et alii 2012
Olsen, J./Anderson, N.J./Knudsen, M. F., Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation over the past 5,200 years, Nature Geoscience 5, 808–812.
ÖN et alii 2018
Ön, Z.B./Akçer-Ön, S./Özeren, M.S./Eriş, K.K./Greaves, A.M./Çağatay, M.N., Climate proxies for the last 17.3 ka from Lake Hazar (Eastern Anatolia), extracted by independent component analysis of m-XRF data, Quaternary International 486, 17–28.
OTROSHCHENKO 2020
Otroshchenko,V.V., Pologіvs'ka gerliga: stratigrafіya, kul'turna nalezhnіst', semantika [Pology crook: stratigraphy, cultural affiliation, semantics]. In: Otroshchenko, V.V./Toshchev, G.M./Papanova V.A. (eds.), Pologіvs'kij posoh: dosvіd mіzhdisciplіnarnogo vivchennya [Pology crook: experience of interdisciplinary study] (Kyiv: O. Fedorov), 128–153.
ÖZDOĞAN 2016
Özdoğan, E., Kanlıgeçit – an Anatolian Model of an Urban Center in Eastern Thrace: an Overview. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development and Interregional Contacts (Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt), 197–207.
PACCIARELLI et alii 2015
Pacciarelli, M./Scarano, T./Crispino, A.M., The transition between the Copper and Bronze Ages in southern Italy and Sicily. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 253–281.
PANKENIER 1981/1982
Pankenier, D.W., Astronomical dates in Shang and Western Zhou, Early China 7, 2–37.
PAVÚK 2007
Pavúk, P., New Perspectives on Troia Chronology. In: Bietak, M. (ed.). The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 2nd Millennium BC (III). Proceedings of the 2nd SCIEM2000 – EuroConference Vienna, 28 May‒1 June 2003 (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften), 473‒478.
PAVÚK 2018
Pavúk, P., Thrace, Troy and Anatolia. Troy and its Contacts to the Balkans. In: Alexandrov, S./Dimitrova, Y./Popov, H./Horejs, B./Chukalev, K. (eds.), Gold & Bronze. Metals, technologies and Interregional Contacts in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age (Sofia: National Archaeological Institute and Museum), 265–275.
PEARSON et alii 2005
Pearson, Ch./Manning, S.W./Coleman, M./Jarvis, K., Can tree-ring chemistry reveal absolute dates for past volcanic eruptions? Journal of Archaeological Science 32, 1265–1274.
PEARSON et alii 2020
Pearson, Ch./Salzer, M./Wacker, L./Brewer, P./Sookdeo, A./Kuniholm, P., Securing timelines in the ancient Mediterranean using multiproxy annual tree-ring data, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (15), 8410–8415.
PUSKÁS 2015
Puskás, J., Contact Zone: Middle Bronze Age Cultural Connections in the Valley of the Black River (Covasna County, Romania). In: Nemeth, R./Rezi, B. (eds.), Bronze Age Chronology in the Carpathian Basin. Proceedings of the International Colloquium from Târgu Mureș, 2-4 October 2014 (Cluj-Napoca: Mega), 97–130.
REGEV et alii 2012
Regev, J./de Miroschedji, P./Greenberg, R./Braun, E./Greenhut, Z./Boaretto, E., Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant: new analysis for a high chronology, Radiocarbon 54/3-4, 525–566.
RENFREW et alii 2012
Renfrew, C./Boyd, M./Bronk Ramsey, Ch., The oldest maritime sanctuary? Dating the sanctuary at Keros and the Cycladic Early Bronze Age, Antiquity 86, 144–160.
RIEHL/MARINOVA 2016
Riehl, S./Marinova, E., The Interplay of Environmental Change, Socio-political Stress and Human Resilience at Early to Middle Bronze Age Troy. In: Pernicka, E./Ünlüsoy, S.S./Blum, W.E. (eds.), Early Bronze Age Troy: Chronology, Cultural Development, and Interregional Contacts. Studia Troica Monographien 8 (Bonn: Dr. Rudolph Habelt), 319–336.
RISCH et alii 2015
Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R., Preface of the editors. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 9–24.
ROBERTS et alii 2011
Roberts, N./Eastwood, W.J./Kuzucuoğlu, C./Fiorentino, G./Caracuta, V., Climatic, vegetation and cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene environmental transition, The Holocene 21/1, 147–162.
SADLER/GRATTAN 1999
Sadler, J.P./Grattan, J.P., Volcanoes as agents of past environmental change, Global and Planetary Change 21, 181–196.
SALZER/HUGHES 2006
Salzer, M.W./Hughes, M.K., Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr, Quaternary Research 67/1, 57–68. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.004
SALZER et alii 2014
Salzer, M.W./Bunn, A.G./Graham, N.E./Hughes, M.K., Five millennia of paleotemperature from tree-rings in the Great Basin, USA, Climate Dynamics 42, 1517–1526. DOI 10.1007/s00382-013-1911-9
SCUDERI 1990
Scuderi, L.A., Tree-Ring Evidence for Climatically Effective Volcanic Eruptions, Quaternary Research 34, 67-85
SELOVER/DURGUN 2019
Selover, S./Durgun, P., Reexamining Burials and Cemeteries in Early Bronze Age Anatolia. In: Steadman, Sh.R./MacMahon, G. (eds.), The Archaeology of Anatolia Volume III: Recent Discoveries (2017-2018) (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing), 271–283.
SIGL et alii 2016
Sigl, M./Fudge T.J./Winstrup, M./Cole-Dai, J./Ferris, D./McConnell, J.R./Taylor, K.C./Welten, K.C./Woodruff, Th.E./Adolphi, F./Bisiaux, M./Brook, E.J./Buizert, Ch./Caffee, M.W./Dunbar, N.W./Edwards, R./Geng, L./Iverson, N./Koffman, B./Layman, L./Maselli, O.J./McGwire, K./Muscheler, R./Nishiizumi, K./Pasteris, D.R./Rhodes, R.H./Sowers, T.A., The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0–31 ka BP), Climate of the Past 12, 769–786.
STAUBWASSER/WEISS 2006
Staubwasser, M./Weiss, H., Holocene climate and cultural evolution in late prehistoric-early historic West Asia, Quaternary Research 66/3, 372–387.
TIPPING et alii 2008
Tipping, R./Ashmore, P./Davies, A.L./Haggart, B.A./Moir, A./Newton, A./Sands, R./Skinner, Th./Tisdall, E., Prehistoric Pinus woodland dynamics in an upland landscape in northern Scotland: the roles of climate change and human impact, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17/3, 251–267.
TRIANTAPHYLLOU et alii 2007
Triantaphyllou, M.V./Antonarakou, A./Kouli, K./Dimiza, M./Kontakiois, G./Ziveri, P./Mortyn, G./Lykousis, V./Dermitzakis, M.D., Plankton ecostratigraphy and pollen assemblage zones over the last 14 000 years in SE Aegean Sea (core NS-14), Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece XXXX. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress, Athens, May, 2007, 209–224.
UNKEL et alii 2014
Unkel, I./Schimmelmann, A./Shriner, C./Forsen, J./Heymann, C./Bruckner, H., The environmental history of the last 6500 years in the Asea Valley (Peloponnese, Greece) and its linkage to the local archaeological record, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 58, Supplementary Issue 2, 1–19.
VALERA 2015
Valera, A.C., Social change in the late 3rd millennium BC in Portugal: the twilight of enclosures. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 409–428.
WANG et alii 2005
Wang, Y./Cheng, H./Edwards, R. L./He, Y./Kong, X./An, Z./Wu, J./Kelly, M.J./Dykoski, C.A./Li, X., The Holocene Asian Monsoon: Links to Solar Changes and North Atlantic Climate, Science 308, 854–857.
WANNER et alii 2008
Wanner, H./Beer, J./Bütikofer, J./Crowley, T.J./Cubasch, U./Flückiger, J./Goosse, H./Grosjean, M./Joos, F./Kaplan, J.O./Küttel, M./Müller, S.A./Prentice, I.C./Solomina, O./Stocker, T.F./Tarasov, P./Wagner, M./Widmann M., Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview, Quaternary Science Reviews 27/19–20, 1791–1828.
WEIBERG et alii 2015
Weiberg, E./Unkel, I./Kouli, K./Holmgren, K./Avramidis, P./Bonnier, A./Dibble, F./Finné, M./Izdebski, A./Katrantsiotis, Ch./Stocker, Sh.R./Andwinge, M./Baika, K./Boyd, M./Heymann, Ch., The socio-environmental history of the Peloponnese during the Holocene: Towards an integrated understanding of the past, Quaternary Science Reviews 136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.042
WEISS 2015
Weiss, H., Megadrought, collapse, and resilience in late 3rd millennium BC Mesopotamia. In: Risch, R./Meller, H./Arz, H.W./Jung, R. (eds.), 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? 7th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 23–26, 2014 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 12/I (Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte), 35–52.
WEISS/BRADLEY 2001
Weiss, H./Bradley R.S., What Drives Societal Collapse? Science 291 (5504), 609–610.
WEISS et alii 1993
Weiss, H./Courty, M.-A./Wetterstrom, W./Guichard, F./Senior, L./Meadow, R./Curnow, A., Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization, Science. New Series 261 (5124), 995–1004.
WENINGER/EASTON 2014
Weninger, B./Easton, D., A Gap in the Early Bronze Age Pottery Sequence at Troy Dating to the Time of the 4.2 ka cal. B.P. Event. In: Höflmayer, F. (ed.), The late third millennium in the ancient Near East. Chronology, C14, and climate change. Oriental Institute Seminars 11 (Chicago: University of Chicago), 429–450.
WENINGER/EASTON 2014a
Weninger, B./Easton, D., The Early Bronze Age Chronology of Troy (Periods I‒III): Pottery Seriation, Radiocarbon Dating and the Gap. In: Horejs, B./Mehofer, M. (eds.), Western Anatolia before Troy Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, 21‒24 November, 2012 (Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences), 157–202.
WIENER 2010
Wiener, M.H., A point in time. In: Krzyszkowska, O. (ed.),Cretan offerings: studies in honour of Peter Warren (London: British School at Athens), 367–394.
WILD et alii 2010
Wild, E.M./Gauß, W./Forstenpointner, G./Lindblom, M./Smetana, R./Steier, P./Thanheiser, U./Weninger, F., 14C dating of the Early to Late Bronze Age stratigraphic sequence of Aegina Kolonna, Greece, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268, 1013–1021.
WU et alii 2016
Wu, Q./Zhao, Z./Liu, L./Granger, D.E./Wang, H./Cohen, D.J./Wu, X./Ye, M./Bar-Yosef, O./Lu, B./Zhang, J./Zhang, P./Yuan, D./Qi, W./Cai, L./Bai, S., Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China’s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty, Science 353 (6299), 579–582.
WU et alii 2021
Wu, L./Lu, S./Zhu, C./Ma, C./Sun, X./Li, X./Li, C./Guo, Q., Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: A Review, Land 10, 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030302
YILDIRIM 2006
Yıldırım, T., An Early Bronze Age cemetery at Resuloğlu, near Uğurludağ, Çorum. A preliminary report of the archaeological work carried out between years 2003-2005, Anatolia Antiqua 14, 1–14.
ZHANG et alii 2008
Zhang, X./Qiu, Sh./Cai, L./Bo, G./Wang, J./Zhong, J., Establishing and Refining the Archaeological Chronologies of Xinzhai, Erlitou and Erligang Cultures, Chinese Archaeology 8, 197–210.
ZHAO 1985
Zhao, Z., On the ancient site of Erlitou, Annali dell’Università degli studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”. Rivista del Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici e del Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi 45/2, 287–302.
ZIELINSKI et alii 1997
Zielinski, G.A./Mayewski, P.A./Meeker, L.D./Grönvold, K./Germani, M.S./Whitlow, S./Twickler, M.S./Taylor, K., Volcanic aerosol records and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland ice, Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (C12), 26625–26640.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 2360-266X