TERRORISM FUNDING AND ANCIENT ARTIFACTS, PARTNERSHIP FOR PROFIT

Authors

  • Tiberiu - MOLDOVAN Babeș-Bolyai University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i1.691

Keywords:

Terrorism, Smuggled Artifacts, Terrorism funding, Insecurity, Non-state actors,

Abstract

My work aims at encouraging the interdisciplinary or “bridge-building” approach of different academic disciplines. Experts in Security Studies, Political Science, History, Archaeology, naming just a few, need to cooperate, to corroborate and to collaborate in order to preserve, defend and recover, ancient artifacts and cultural heritage, from the sticky hands of artifacts smugglers and terrorist funders. Who thought about the fact that a bomb that kills people in various parts of the world, was funded by illicit art and artifact smuggling? The world is getting inter-connected, we have pluses, but we also have minuses. We have advantages but we also have disadvantages. But, most important, we have more responsibilities. Who is investing in education is investing in future, the one that does not know the past, is forced to repeat it. The one that has respect for the previous generations of humans, no matter the area, protects their heritage. It is easier to destroy than it is to repair and to build. Ancient artifacts are a honey trap for terrorists. The global heritage that escapes from destruction, process that takes place because of radicalization and in the name of the modern Islamic heritage, is getting lost on various trade routes, in the global name of profit, the common language of terrorist organizations. They say that ideas and ideals are bulletproof, but in order to have the bulletproof vest, you need to buy it, and this is the moment when, and the reason why, illegal smuggling of ancient artifacts takes place.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Tiberiu - MOLDOVAN, Babeș-Bolyai University
    Postgraduate Student

References

VRDOLJAK 2016

Vrdoljak, A.F., The Criminalisation of the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/CulturalRights/DestructionHeritage/NGOS/A.P.Vrdoljak_text1.pdf. Accessed 14.02.2022

PAWELS 2015

Pauwels, A., ‘ISIS and illicit trafficking in cultural property: Funding terrorism through art’ DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/1df7038c-en

EUROPOL 2019

EUROPOL 2019, ‘23 arrests and around 10 000 cultural items seized in an operation targeting Italian archaeological trafficking’, https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/23-arrests-and-around-10-000-cultural-items-seized-in-operation-targeting-italian-archaeological-trafficking. Accessed 14.02.2022

EUROPOL 2020

EUROPOL 2020, ‘Over 56 400 cultural goods seized and 67 arrests in action involving 31 countries’, https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/over-56-400-cultural-goods-seized-and-67-arrests-in-action-involving-31-countries. Accessed 14.02.2022

EUROPOL 2021 a. OPERATION ATHENA II

EUROPOL 2021, Operation Athena II, ‘101 arrested and 19,000 stolen artefacts recovered in international crackdown on art trafficking’, https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/101-arrested-and-19000-stolen-artefacts-recovered-in-international-crackdown-art-trafficking. Accessed 14.02.2022

EUROPOL 2021 b. OPERATION PANDORA III

EUROPOL 2021, Operation Pandora III, ‘Over 18 000 items seized and 59 arrests made in operation targeting cultural goods’, https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/over-18-000-items-seized-and-59-arrests-made-in-operation-targeting-cultural-goods. Accessed 14.02.2022

EUROPOL 2021 c. OPERATION MEDICUS

EUROPOL 2021, Operation Medicus, ‘Police recover ‘millions’ in stolen treasures after busting archaeological crime gang in Bulgaria’, https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/police-recover-%E2%80%98millions%E2%80%99-in-stolen-treasures-after-busting-archaeological-crime-gang-in-bulgaria. Accessed 14.02.2022

SHELLEY 2020

Shelley, L., I., Illicit Trade and Terrorism, Journal Perspectives on Terrorism Vol. 14, No. 4, August 2020, 7-15.

MOLDOVAN 2021

Moldovan, T., În Irak, problemele de securitate alimentează comerțul ilegal cu antichități, https://www.cristoiublog.ro/in-irak-problemele-de-securitate-alimenteaza-comertul-ilegal-cu-antichitati/. Accessed 14.02.2022 Accessed 14.02.2022

NOVIC 2016

Novic, E., The concept of cultural genocide: an international law perspective (New York – Oxford. Oxford University Press)

United Nations General Assembly

Sixty-ninth session Agenda item 105, 2015, https://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/trafficking_in_cultural/RES-681-86/A_RES_69_196_E.pdf. Accessed 14.02.2022

United Nations Security Council

Resolution 2199 2015, https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc11775.doc.htm. Accessed 14.02.2022

Downloads

Published

2022-04-30

Issue

Section

Cultural heritage protection

How to Cite

TERRORISM FUNDING AND ANCIENT ARTIFACTS, PARTNERSHIP FOR PROFIT. (2022). JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i1.691

Similar Articles

1-10 of 79

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.