COIN HOARDS AS EVIDENCE OF TRAGEDIES. SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE NORTH OF GAUL (3RD CENTURY AD)

Authors

  • Johan van Heesch Royal Library of Belgium, Brussels

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v7i1_SI.485

Keywords:

Roman Empire, coin hoards, Gaul, invasions, 3rd century AD crisis

Abstract

Hundreds of Roman hoards containing fairly good silver coins were buried around mid-3rd century AD in the north-west of Gaul. Most were not found in houses but hidden in the ground. Why were so many hoards buried outside the safety of a dwelling and, more importantly, why they have never been recovered? The author explores different explanations and suggests that valuables are only buried outside a house into the soil in case of an emergency. In his view, epidemics, natural disasters or religious offerings do not explain these large numbers of hoards. He returns to the traditional explanation i.e. violence and more specifically invasions from outside the empire. Examples from Estonia during WWII, and others, are exploited to demonstrate that men bury belongings and memorabilia in the ground, when they have to abandon their homes in case of danger.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Johan van Heesch, Royal Library of Belgium, Brussels
    Professor

References

ÁLVAREZ JIMÉNEZ 2007

Álvarez Jiménez, D.: Neptvnvs Redvx. Póstumo y el combate contra la piratería franca en el amanecer del Imperio Gálico, Aquila Legionis 9, 7-35.

ARMSTRONG 1998

Armstrong, S.: Carolingian Coin Hoards and the Impact of the Viking Raids in the Ninth Century, Numismatic Chronicle 158, 131-164.

AUTHOM/PARIDAENS 2015

Authom, N./Paridaens, N.: La villa gallo-romaine du «Champ de Saint-Éloi» à Merbes-le-Château [Études et documents. Archéologie 30] (Namur: Région wallonne).

BERGER 1996

Berger, F.: Kalkriese 1. Die römischen Fundmünzen [Römisch-Germanische Forschungen 55] (Mainz am Rhein).

BLANCHET 1936

Blanchet, A., Les rapports entre les dépôts monétaires et les événements militaires, politiques et économiques, Revue Numismatique IVe s.-no. 39, 1-70; 205-270.

BLAND 2018

Bland, R.: Coin Hoarding and Hoarding in Roman Britain AD 43-c. 498 [The British Numismatic Society. Special Publication 13] (London: Spink).

BRADLEY 2017

Bradley, R.: A Geography of Offerings. Deposits of Valuables in the Landscapes of Ancient Europe (Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books).

BRULET 1990

Brulet, R., La Gaule septentrionale au Bas-Empire. Occupation du sol et défense du territoire dans l'arrière-pays du Limes aux IVe et Ve siècles [Trierer Zeitschrift 11] (Trier: Rheinisches Landesmuseum).

BURSTRÖM 2012

Burström, M.: Treasured Memories. Tales of buried belongings in wartime Estonia (Lund: Nordic Academic Press).

CHRISTOL 1976

Christol, M.: Effort de guerre et ateliers monétaires de la périphérie au IIIe S. AP. J.-C., l’atelier de Cologne sous Valérien et Gallien. In: Armées et fiscalité dans le monde antique (Paris 14-16 octobre 1976), Colloque national du C.N.R.S. n° 936 (Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique), 235-278.

CONSTANT 1967

Constant, L.: Mémoires intimes de Napoléon Ier par Constant son valet de chambre, II (Paris: Mercure de France).

DE CALLATAŸ 2017

de Callataÿ, F.: Coin Deposits and Civil War in a Long-term Perspective (c. 400 BC-1950 AD), Numismatic Chronicle 177, 313-338.

DELMAIRE 1995Delmaire, R., Les enfouissements monétaires, témoignages d'insécurité ?, R Nord-Archéologie 77-313, 21-26.

DERNELLE 1967

Dernelle, M. (ed.): Mémoires intimes de Napoléon Ier par Constant son valet de chambre, II (s.l.: Mercure de France).

Egil’s Saga

Egil’s Saga, translated by SCUDDER B., Penguin classics (London: Penguin Books, 2002).

ELMER 1941

Elmer, G.: Die Münzprägung der gallischen Kaiser in Köln, Trier und Mailands, Bonner Jahrbücher 146, 1-106.

FISCHER 2012

Fischer, Th. (ed.), Die Krise des 3. Jahrhunderts n.Chr. und der Gallischen Sonderreich [ZAKMIRA 8] (Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag).

GHEY 2015

Ghey, E.: Hoards. Hidden History (London: British Museum).

GÖBL 2000

Göbl, R.: Die Münzprägung der Kaiser Valerianus I/Gallienus/Saloninus (253/268), Regalianus (260) und Macrianus/Quietus (260/262) [Moneta Imperii Romani 36, 43 & 44] (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften).

GRICOURT 1988

Gricourt, D.: Les incursions de pirates de 268 en gaule septentrionale et leurs incidences sur la politique de Postume, Trésors monétaires 10, 9-43.

HARPER 2017

Harper, K.: The Fate of Rome. Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire (Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press).

HAUPT 2001

Haupt, P.: Römische Münzhorte des 3. Jhs. in Gallien und den germanischen Provinzen. Provinzialrömische Studien 1 (Grunbach: Verlag B.A. Greiner).

HESSELS 1887 (1969)

Hessels, J.H.: Abrahami Ortelii (geographi antverpiensis) et virorvm ervditorvm ad evndem et ad Jacobvm Colivm ortelianvm (Abrahami Ortelii sororis filivm) Epistvlae … (1524-1628) … (Osnabrück: Otto Zeller). Reprint.

LAFAURIE 1975

Lafaurie, J.: L'empire gaulois. Apport de la numismatique. In: Temporini, H./Haase, W.: Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II-2 (Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter), 853-1012.

LYNAR-REDERN 2000

Graf zu Lynar-Redern, Al.: Vergraben im märkischen Sand: Die Geschichte eines Familienschatzes (Limburg: C.A. Starke Verlag).

PARIDAENS et al. 2010

Paridaens, N./Authom, N./Clerbois, S./Delplancke, M.-P./van Heesch, J., Une cachette d’objets de valeur des années 260 apr. J.-C. dans une villa de la cité des Nerviens (Merbes-le-Château, Belgique), Gallia 67/2, 209-253.

REDDÉ 2006

Reddé, M. (ed.): L’architecture de la Gaule romaine: les fortifications militaires [Documents d’archéologie française 100] (Bordeaux: Ausonius).

ROYMANS/HEEREN/DE CLERCQ 2017

Roymans, N./Heeren, S./De Clercq, W.: Social Dynamics in the Northwest Frontiers of the Late Roman Empire. Beyond decline or transformation [Amsterdam Archaeological Studies 26] (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).

SCHULTE 1983

Schulte, B.: Die Goldprägung der gallischen Kaiser von Postumus bis Tetricus [Typos 4] (Aarau: Verlag Sauerländer).

THÜRY 2016

Thüry, G.E.: Die antike Münze als Fundgegenstand. Kategorien numismatischer Funde und ihre Interpretation (Oxford: Archaeopress).

VAN HEESCH 1998

van Heesch, J.: De muntcirculatie tijdens de Romeinse tijd in het Noordwesten van Gallia Belgica (ca. 50 v.C.-450 n.C.): de civitates van de Nerviërs en de Menapiërs [Monografie van Nationale Archeologie 11] (Brussel: Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis).

VAN HEESCH 2017

van Heesch, J.: Coin Hoards and Invasions? The Evidence of Sites. In: Bricault, L./Burnett, A./Drost, V./Suspène, A. (eds.): Rome et les provinces. Monnayage et Histoire. Mélanges offerts à Michel Amandry (Bordeaux: Ausonius), 399-413.

VANHOUTTE 2015

Vanhoutte, S., The late Roman coastal fort of Oudenburg (Belgium): Spatial and functional transformations within the fort walls. In: Collins, R./Symonds, M./Weber, M. (eds.): Roman Military Architecture on the Frontiers Armies and Their Architecture in Late Antiquity (Oxford: Oxbow Books), 62-75.

WIGHTMAN 1985

Wightman, E.M.: Gallia Belgica (London: Batsford).

WITSCHEL 1999

Witschel, C.: Krise-Rezession-Stagnation? Der Westen des römischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (Frankfurt am Main : Buchverlag Marthe Clauss).

Downloads

Published

2020-02-03

How to Cite

COIN HOARDS AS EVIDENCE OF TRAGEDIES. SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE NORTH OF GAUL (3RD CENTURY AD). (2020). JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 7(1_SI). https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v7i1_SI.485

Similar Articles

1-10 of 443

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.